{"id":5713,"date":"2024-08-27T17:00:39","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T08:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/?p=5713"},"modified":"2025-07-31T23:03:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T14:03:33","slug":"%e6%b8%8b%e8%b0%b7qws%e3%81%a7%e3%81%aehi%e3%82%a4%e3%83%99%e3%83%b3%e3%83%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/blog\/%e6%b8%8b%e8%b0%b7qws%e3%81%a7%e3%81%aehi%e3%82%a4%e3%83%99%e3%83%b3%e3%83%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6e0b\u8c37QWS\u3067\u306eHI\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u6771\u4eac\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66\u3068\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u82b8\u8853\u5927\u5b66\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u30e9\u30eb\u30fb\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ba\u6821\u3068\u306e\u9023\u643a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u7523\u5b66\u5354\u50cd\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u201cHybrid Innovation\u201d\u3067\u306f2024\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\uff08\u6c34\uff09\u306b\u300c\u696d\u7a2e\u306e\u58c1\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\uff1f\u300d\u3092\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u201cHybrid Innovation\u201d\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u65b9\u3005\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u6e0b\u8c37QWS\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br>\u4eca\u56de\u3067\uff12\u56de\u76ee\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306fSHIBUYA QWS\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3000\u201dQWS ACADEMIA\u201d\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3068\u9023\u643a\u3057\u305f\u300c\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u554f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u51fa\u4f1a\u3046\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5714\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-1024x683.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-768x512.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-391x260.jpg 391w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303-600x400.jpg 600w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9303.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u5927\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u300c\u554f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5411\u304d\u5408\u3046\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300cQWS ACADEMIA\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u4f1d\u9054\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u5408\u3044\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br>\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u5f53\u65e5\u306f\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d30\u540d\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u304c\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u3001Hybrid Innovation\u306e\u6982\u8981\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3001Hybrid Innovation\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b8\u30e7\u30eb\u30b8\u30aa\u7279\u4efb\u52a9\u6559\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u805e\u304d\u3001\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u898b\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u571f\u58cc\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br>\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067Hybrid Innovation\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u3084\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u601d\u8003\u3068\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u601d\u8003\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3069\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5e74\u9593\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u6210\u679c\u3092\u7d10\u89e3\u304d\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br>\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u3066\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u601d\u8003\u3068\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u601d\u8003\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u8ad6\u8b70\u3057\u3001\u672c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u53d7\u8b1b\u8005\u306e\u611f\u60f3\u306a\u3069\u3082\u4ea4\u3048\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u201cHybrid Innovation\u201d\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u306a\u3069\u3092\u610f\u898b\u4ea4\u63db\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5715\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-1024x683.jpg 1024w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-300x200.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-768x512.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-391x260.jpg 391w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290-600x400.jpg 600w, http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/IMG_9290.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>HI\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u6628\u5e74\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u3001HI\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/blog\/%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E3%82%92%E5%89%B5%E3%82%8Bhybrid-innovation\/\">https:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/blog\/\u672a\u6765\u3092\u5275\u308bhybrid-innovation\/<\/a>\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u304a\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306f\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u3078: ogiuchi.s.aa[\uff20\u534a\u89d2\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044]<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/m.titech.ac.jp\/\">m.titech.ac.jp<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>The Tokyo Institute of Technology and Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London are collaborating on the industry-academia collaborative programme \u2018Hybrid Innovation\u2019. On Wednesday 24 July 2024, we held a discussion and networking event at Shibuya QWS on Wednesday 24 July 2024 under the theme \u2018How to promote business innovation across industry barriers?&#8217;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This event, the second of its kind, was held within the framework of the SHIBUYA QWS original programme \u2018QWS ACADEMIA\u2019, a programme for encountering \u2018unknown questions\u2019 in collaboration with universities. At the university, there are students and researchers facing a variety of questions. QWS ACADEMIA is not just a class where knowledge is transmitted, but an event that aims to stimulate each other interactively and create chemical reactions.<br>On the day of the event, approximately 30 participants gathered to hear an overview of Hybrid Innovation, followed by a presentation by Assistant Professor Dr Giorgio Salani, Creative Director of Hybrid Innovation, on the elements necessary to generate innovation, which have been identified through research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The presentation included the essential elements of Hybrid Innovation, the fundamental differences between design thinking and art thinking, and other results from the research conducted over the past three years, and the perspectives required in the context of contemporary innovation. In the discussion that followed, participants discussed the differences between art thinking and design thinking, and exchanged opinions on how to utilise \u2018Hybrid Innovation\u2019 in practice, including the impressions of past participants in this programme. The participants also exchanged opinions on how to utilise \u2018Hybrid Innovation\u2019 in practice.<br>For inquiries on the programme, please contact the secretariat:. ogiuchi.s.aa[at]<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/m.titech.ac.jp\/\">m.titech.ac.jp<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6771\u4eac\u5de5\u696d\u5927\u5b66\u3068\u30ed\u30f3\u30c9\u30f3\u82b8\u8853\u5927\u5b66\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u30e9\u30eb\u30fb\u30bb\u30f3\u30c8\u30de\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30ba\u6821\u3068\u306e\u9023\u643a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u884c\u308f\u308c\u308b\u7523\u5b66\u5354\u50cd\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u201cHybrid Innovation\u201d\u3067\u306f2024\u5e747\u670824\u65e5\uff08\u6c34\uff09\u306b\u300c\u696d\u7a2e\u306e\u58c1\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u30d3\u30b8\u30cd\u30b9\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f\uff1f\u300d\u3092\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u3057\u305f\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3068\u201cHybrid Innovation\u201d\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u65b9\u3005\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u6e0b\u8c37QWS\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4eca\u56de\u3067\uff12\u56de\u76ee\u3068\u306a\u308b\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u306fSHIBUYA QWS\u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3000\u201dQWS ACADEMIA\u201d\u306e\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001\u5927\u5b66\u3068\u9023\u643a\u3057\u305f\u300c\u672a\u77e5\u306e\u554f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u51fa\u4f1a\u3046\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u5927\u5b66\u306b\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u300c\u554f\u3044\u300d\u3068\u5411\u304d\u5408\u3046\u5b66\u751f\u3084\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300cQWS ACADEMIA\u300d\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306b\u77e5\u8b58\u304c\u4f1d\u9054\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u53cc\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u5408\u3044\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5fdc\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u5f53\u65e5\u306f\u304a\u304a\u3088\u305d30\u540d\u306e\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u304c\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u3001Hybrid Innovation\u306e\u6982\u8981\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u3001Hybrid Innovation\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b8\u30e7\u30eb\u30b8\u30aa\u7279\u4efb\u52a9\u6559\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u805e\u304d\u3001\u3044\u307e\u307e\u3067\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u898b\u3048\u3066\u304d\u305f\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u571f\u58cc\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u3067Hybrid Innovation\u306b\u6b20\u304b\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u8981\u7d20\u3084\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u601d\u8003\u3068\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u601d\u8003\u306e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306a\u3069\u3001\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5e74\u9593\u884c\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304d\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u304b\u3089\u6210\u679c\u3092\u7d10\u89e3\u304d\u3001\u73fe\u4ee3\u306e\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6587\u8108\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u8996\u70b9\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u3092\u4ea4\u3048\u3066\u306e\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u601d\u8003\u3068\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u601d\u8003\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u8ad6\u8b70\u3057\u3001\u672c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u305f\u904e\u53bb\u306e\u53d7\u8b1b\u8005\u306e\u611f\u60f3\u306a\u3069\u3082\u4ea4\u3048\u3001\u5b9f\u8df5\u306e\u5834\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u201cHybrid Innovation\u201d\u306e\u6d3b\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u306a\u3069\u3092\u610f\u898b\u4ea4\u63db\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 HI\u30e1\u30bd\u30c3\u30c9\u30fb\u6628\u5e74\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u3001HI\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u6b32\u3057\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u3053\u3061\u3089: https:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/blog\/\u672a\u6765\u3092\u5275\u308bhybrid-innovation\/\u3000 \u304a\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306f\u4e8b\u52d9\u5c40\u3078: ogiuchi.s.aa[\uff20\u534a\u89d2\u306b\u5909\u66f4\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044]m.titech.ac.jp The Tokyo Institute of Technology and Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London are collaborating on the industry-academia collaborative programme \u2018Hybrid Innovation\u2019. On Wednesday 24 July 2024, we held a discussion and networking event at Shibuya QWS on Wednesday [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,19,26,46],"tags":[],"display-top":[52],"class_list":["post-5713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-csm-collaboration-members","category-event-report","category-hybrid-innovation","display-top-display"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5713"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5717,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5713\/revisions\/5717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5713"},{"taxonomy":"display-top","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/display-top?post=5713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}