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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u5305\u88c5\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d6\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\uff08\u8efd\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u88fd\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3084\u3001\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u3068\u5305\u88c5\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5ec3\u68c4\u3092\u4fc3\u3059\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u300c\u3053\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u300d\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u5305\u88c5\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u3082\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u6ce8\u76ee\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bYuo and Yoshida (2009)\u306f\u300c\u30b4\u30df\u3092\u5206\u5225\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u3001\u7121\u5206\u5225\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u6291\u6b62\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30022\u540d\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u6dfb\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3088\u304f\u7814\u7a76\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u512a\u3057\u3044\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u304c\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3078\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u611f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30d3\u30b8\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5148\u8f29\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f7f\u3044\u6368\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u5ec3\u68c4\u7269\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u5ec3\u68c4\u7269\u306e\u91cf\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53d6\u308b\u306b\u8db3\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u904e\u3054\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\uff08Morgan et al. 2003\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u3044\u6368\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u6c5a\u67d3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u7fd2\u6163\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u30fb\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff08\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066Perpetual Plastic<\/a>\u304c\u3042\u308b Klauss et al. 2021\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3042\u308b\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u300c\u4f7f\u3044\u6368\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306e\u6301\u3064\u7279\u6027\u3068\u5ec3\u68c4\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u3057\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5b9f\u4f53\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u6c5a\u67d3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u611f\u899a\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u306f\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u6c34\u6ce1\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u300c\u30ac\u30d9\u30c3\u30b8\uff08\u5ec3\u68c4\u7269\uff09\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u672a\u6765\u3092\u60f3\u50cf\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u300c\u30b4\u30df\u3092\u30ac\u30d9\u30c3\u30b8\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3010\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3011\u3092\u3010\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3011\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u554f\u3044\u3082\u6319\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u91ce\u539f\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u30af\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30d1\u30f3\u3068\u306e\u30b3\u30e9\u30dc\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u958b\u59cb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4eca\u5f8c\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6587\u732e\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u3001\u898b\u3048\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u50be\u5411\u3084\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u6df1\u304f\u6398\u308a\u4e0b\u3052\u3066\u3044\u304f\u4e88\u5b9a\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u59cb\u3081\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u305f\u3061\u304c\u958b\u767a\u3057\u305f\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u30bd\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3001\u30d6\u30ec\u30a4\u30f3\u30b9\u30c8\u30fc\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u901a\u3057\u3066\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3001\u7126\u70b9\u3092\u7d5e\u3063\u3066\u5c02\u9580\u7684\u306a\u8abf\u67fb\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u3067\u306f\u30012\u5e74\u9593\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3001\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u30fb\u30d3\u30b8\u30e7\u30f32022\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9032\u6357\u3092\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u5831\u544a\u3057\u3066\u307e\u3044\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charles Rolsky, Varun P. Kelkar, and Rolf U. Halden (2020) Nationwide Mass Inventory and Degradation Assessment of Plastic Contact Lenses in US Wastewater, Environmental Science & Technology<\/em>, 54 (19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chen J, Wu J, Sherrell P C, et al. (2022) How to Build a Microplastics\u2010Free Environment: Strategies for Microplastics Degradation and Plastics Recycling, Advanced Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klauss, L. S. M. A. M. S. (2021). Perpetual Plastic \u2014 Beach debris reveals the fate of all plastic ever made. https:\/\/perpetual-plastic.net<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morgan, S. L., Morgan, P. B., & Efron, N. (2003). Environmental impact of three replacement modalities of soft contact lens wear. Contact lens & anterior eye, The Journal of the British Contact Lens Association<\/em>, 26(1), 43\u201346.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optical Express (2022) 97% of contact lens users are damaging the environment<\/a> (web page).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cb9\u5c3e\u8061\u5b50& \u5409\u7530\u79c0\u548c (2009) \u8ff7\u60d1\u9632\u6b62\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u884c\u70ba\u3068\u611f\u60c5\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u52b9\u679c. \u5fdc\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76, 34(2), 155-165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Nohara Lab launches Project Vision 2022<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nohara Lab are pleased to announce a new collaboration between the Tokyo Institute of Technology and CooperVision Japan<\/a>, a major manufacturer of contact lenses. The heavy impact of manufacturing processes on the environment is a well-known issue and great efforts are being made globally to reduce our dependency on single-use plastics. Many plastic materials are chemically and physically resilient and can last in the environment for many years. Their slow degradation into microplastics (both micro beads and microfibers) is a major concern for scientists, designers, manufacturers and consumers committed to understand their role in developing effective solutions. A common method in most industries is to replace (or at least reduce) the use of plastic with more eco-friendly materials. However, the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries rely on sterile, affordable plastics such as polypropylene to safely package their products, and this includes disposable contact lenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

CooperVision<\/a> is a global manufacturer with US headquarters in San Moran, California, USA, and operations in 130 countries. It produces and sells billions of contact lenses annually and is highly regarded by contact lens users for its effectiveness and convenience. In Japan, the company has offices in seven cities in addition to its head office in Tokyo. As contact lenses are highly controlled medical devices, hygiene is an important consideration, and the lenses are packaged in a liquid contained in a polypropylene blister case with an aluminium lid. Amidst growing concerns about environmental issues, and in search of an approach to the proper use and disposal of its products, the company launched a jointly planned research project, Project Vision 2022 (PV22), with students from the Nohara Laboratory this year. Based on the research results of the first semester (1Q, 2Q), the students will publicly present their proposals in the second semester (3Q, 4Q).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PV22  aims to produce findings on issues related to the use and disposal of contact lens packaging in Japan and eventually inform speculative and practical solutions through design interventions. The research exemplifies the transdisciplinary approach developed at Nohara Lab. The project offers the opportunity to illustrate how to conduct research across disciplinary boundaries by joint effort. It was therefore made an integral part of this year’s teaching sessions and it is open to all undergrad, grad and PhD students in the lab.  Through weekly discussions with teachers and regular contacts with the company, the students will acquire the necessarily skills to conduct their own projects: from literature review to problem definition, choice of methods, data analysis and write up. They also familiarise themselves with consultancy work, by learning to respond to clients\u2019 requests with technical analysis and evidence-based reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

After conducting independent research and presenting initial findings to the team, the students were invited to write their observations. The literature review conducted in April-May 2022 is bringing to light facets of the plastic waste issue that point at its global scale, and reflect the varied interests and backgrounds of Nohara Lab’s students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The blisters containing the contact lenses are made of polypropylene (PP), a widely recyclable material, but it turns out they can be too small to be correctly separated and recycled in the waste processing phase and often end up being mixed with generic waste and sent to landfill. The lenses themselves are made of a different type of plastic (silicone hydrogels) and only weigh a fraction of the blisters, so they intuitively pose a diminished threat to the environment. Paradoxically, their small size is part of the problem: a survey in the USA showed that more than 20% of users regularly throw lenses down the toilet (Rolsky et al., 2020) and studies demonstrated that the plastic remains largely unaffected by water treatment processes and accumulate in water and on land, e.g. in agricultural soils. In the UK alone, it is calculated that over 750 million plastic lenses are being flushed down the drain or put in landfill every year (Optical Express, 2022). These lenses form microplastics, pollute the oceans and endanger marine life (Chen et al., 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Despite the gravity of the phenomenon, studies show that public awareness is low and only a small minority of users is recycling lenses correctly (less than 1% according to this source<\/a>). Furthermore, a survey conducted by a contact lens store revealed that approximately 70% of the 6,500 members did not know the empty cases are recyclable (Asahi Shinbun, February 12, 2019). Existing projects such as Eyecity<\/a> are addressing this issue and starting to make a difference, with manufacturing companies competing to prove their efforts towards environmental sustainability. But the issue is far from being solved and therefore represents a well-defined and important challenge for Nohara Lab students to tackle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some students highlighted the central role of packaging design in reducing the environmental impacts of both its manufacturing process and user behaviour. This may encompass alternative designs for the blisters (lighter, made of bioplastics, etc..) and new packaging design to incorporate messages (\u201cthank you for recycling this product\u201d or similar) aiming to encourage the correct disposal of both lenses and packaging. Researchers Yuo and Yoshida (2009) found that the gratitude message such as \u201cThank you for separating your trash\u201d is effective in deterring inconsiderate behaviour. Two students highlighted parallels with messages on cigarette packaging which – although very different – is a well-studied example of packaging intended to influence user behaviour. Whilst individuals\u2019 lifestyle changes are always difficult to implement, a possible strand of research could be conducted on how eco-friendly messages on contact lens packaging can bring consumers to contribute to sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recycling engineering was another noted interest in the team, with students foreseeing the need for incentives and rewards for users who dispose of their lenses correctly. Some built on the knowledge of Tokyo Tech\u2019s Prof. Fumitake Takahashi\u2019s experience in developing effective solutions to encourage PET recycling, which can offer important lessons to the recycling of the PP blisters. Initial ideas involve either dedicated collection boxes in public spaces (e.g. supermarkets) or other solutions to reduce the hassle of recycling blisters by providing boxes or envelops to collect them at home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Finally, the role of Visual Communication in sensitising the public on this issue was discussed by more senior students. Plastic waste from disposable contact lenses is easily overlooked as insignificant pollution compared with the amount of waste generated by other activities (Morgan et al., 2003). Practices of materialising disposable contact lenses life-cycle could expand this narrow understanding of micro-plastic pollution. Possible solutions comprise readily available infographics on recycling habits and other relevant data, expressed in visual and\/or physical form (Perpetual Plastic<\/a> was indicated as a positive example, Klauss et al., 2021). One doctoral student believes that \u201cdisposable contact lenses\u2019 material properties and their discarding context could be used to physicalise data and contribute to the public sense-making of micro-plastic pollution\u201d. Questions included \u201cHow can we turn contact lens blisters into artworks\u201d, \u201cCan garbage art enable us to imagine a better future\u201d and, even, \u201cIs it possible to change technics for control<\/em> into technics for liberation<\/em> by turning garbage into garbage art\u201d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In conclusion, Nohara Lab\u2019s students are fully engaged with the issue of plastic pollution and the opportunities that the collaboration with CooperVision Japan can bring to their training. Further review of literature will dig deeper into these initial trends and themes. The next steps will include a review of sustainable solutions developed by CooperVision and other contact lens manufacturers, and a brainstorming session to agree on key areas of research. The team will then split into groups for more focused, specialist investigations. Regular blogs on this site will report on any progress made by the lab on Project Vision 2022 throughout the 2022-23 academic year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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REFERENCES<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charles Rolsky, Varun P. Kelkar, and Rolf U. Halden (2020) Nationwide Mass Inventory and Degradation Assessment of Plastic Contact Lenses in US Wastewater, Environmental Science & Technology<\/em>, 54 (19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chen J, Wu J, Sherrell P C, et al. (2022) How to Build a Microplastics\u2010Free Environment: Strategies for Microplastics Degradation and Plastics Recycling, Advanced Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klauss, L. S. M. A. M. S. (2021). Perpetual Plastic \u2014 Beach debris reveals the fate of all plastic ever made. https:\/\/perpetual-plastic.net<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morgan, S. L., Morgan, P. B., & Efron, N. (2003). Environmental impact of three replacement modalities of soft contact lens wear. Contact lens & anterior eye, The Journal of the British Contact Lens Association<\/em>, 26(1), 43\u201346.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optical Express (2022) 97% of contact lens users are damaging the environment<\/a> (web page).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6cb9\u5c3e\u8061\u5b50& \u5409\u7530\u79c0\u548c (2009) \u8ff7\u60d1\u9632\u6b62\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u884c\u70ba\u3068\u611f\u60c5\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u52b9\u679c. \u5fdc\u7528\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76, 34(2), 155-165.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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et al. 2020\uff09\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068 \u82f1\u56fd\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3082\u6bce\u5e747\u51045000\u4e07\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u304c\u6392\u6c34\u6e9d\u306b\u6d41\u3055\u308c\u305f\u308a\u57cb\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08Optical Express 2022\uff09\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306f\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u6d77\u3092\u6c5a\u67d3\u3057\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u3092\u5371\u967a\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff08Chen\u4ed6 2022\uff09\u3002 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2019\u5e742\u670812\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u30a2\u30a4\u30b7\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u306f\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3093\u3067\u304a\u308a\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u4f1a\u793e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u74b0\u5883\u6301\u7d9a\u6027\u3078\u306e\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u8a3c\u660e\u3059\u3079\u304f\u7af6\u3044\u5408\u3044\u3001\u5909\u5316\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u59cb\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u306f\u89e3\u6c7a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306b\u306f\u307e\u3060\u7a0b\u9060\u304f\u3001\u91ce\u539f\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u305f\u3061\u304c\u3042\u3089\u305f\u3081\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u7d44\u3080\u3079\u304d\u3001\u660e\u78ba\u304b\u3064\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u88fd\u9020\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3068\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u4e0a\u3067\u5305\u88c5\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u5f79\u5272\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5f37\u8abf\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d6\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u4ee3\u66ff\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\uff08\u8efd\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u30d0\u30a4\u30aa\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u88fd\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3084\u3001\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u3068\u5305\u88c5\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u5ec3\u68c4\u3092\u4fc3\u3059\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\uff08\u300c\u3053\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u3092\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u300d\u306a\u3069\uff09\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3060\u5305\u88c5\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u3082\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u6ce8\u76ee\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308bYuo and Yoshida (2009)\u306f\u300c\u30b4\u30df\u3092\u5206\u5225\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u3066\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u611f\u8b1d\u306e\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u3001\u7121\u5206\u5225\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u6291\u6b62\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30022\u540d\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u3001\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u6dfb\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3068\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u30bf\u30d0\u30b3\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3088\u304f\u7814\u7a76\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u30d1\u30c3\u30b1\u30fc\u30b8\u306b\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u512a\u3057\u3044\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u6dfb\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u304c\u6301\u7d9a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3078\u8ca2\u732e\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308a\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u5de5\u5b66\u3082\u30c1\u30fc\u30e0\u306e\u95a2\u5fc3\u306e\u3072\u3068\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u5ec3\u68c4\u3059\u308b\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3078\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u3084\u5831\u916c\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6771\u5de5\u5927\u878d\u5408\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u7cfb\u306e\u9ad8\u6a4b\u53f2\u6b66\u51c6\u6559\u6388\u304c\u3001PET\u306e\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3059\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u6226\u7565\u3092\u958b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u3001PP\u30d6\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6559\u8a13\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u5b66\u751f\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u521d\u671f\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30fc\u30de\u30fc\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u306e\u516c\u5171\u30b9\u30da\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u56de\u53ce\u30dc\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u306b\u56de\u53ce\u7528\u306e\u7bb1\u3084\u5c01\u7b52\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5de5\u592b\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30d6\u30ea\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306e\u624b\u9593\u3092\u8efd\u6e1b\u3059\u308b\u30bd\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u3053\u306e\u554f\u984c\u3092\u3081\u3050\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u3092\u611f\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30d3\u30b8\u30e5\u30a2\u30eb\u30fb\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u5148\u8f29\u5b66\u751f\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f7f\u3044\u6368\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u5ec3\u68c4\u7269\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u304b\u3089\u51fa\u308b\u5ec3\u68c4\u7269\u306e\u91cf\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u308c\u3070\u3001\u53d6\u308b\u306b\u8db3\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u898b\u904e\u3054\u3055\u308c\u304c\u3061\u3067\u3059\uff08Morgan et al. 2003\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u3044\u6368\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u6c5a\u67d3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ea\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u7fd2\u6163\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8996\u899a\u7684\u30fb\u7269\u7406\u7684\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u305f\u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30a9\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3001\u3072\u3068\u3064\u306e\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff08\u30dd\u30b8\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u306a\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066Perpetual Plastic\u304c\u3042\u308b Klauss et al. 2021\uff09\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3042\u308b\u535a\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u306f\u300c\u4f7f\u3044\u6368\u3066\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u6750\u6599\u306e\u6301\u3064\u7279\u6027\u3068\u5ec3\u68c4\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u6587\u8108\u306f\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u3057\u304b\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3092\u5b9f\u4f53\u5316\u3057\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30af\u30ed\u30d7\u30e9\u30b9\u30c1\u30c3\u30af\u6c5a\u67d3\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u611f\u899a\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u306e\u306f\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30bf\u30af\u30c8\u30ec\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u6c34\u6ce1\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u4f5c\u54c1\u306b\u5909\u63db\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u300c\u30ac\u30d9\u30c3\u30b8\uff08\u5ec3\u68c4\u7269\uff09\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3088\u308a\u826f\u3044\u672a\u6765\u3092\u60f3\u50cf\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u300d\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u300c\u30b4\u30df\u3092\u30ac\u30d9\u30c3\u30b8\u30a2\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3010\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3011\u3092\u3010\u89e3\u653e\u3059\u308b\u6280\u8853\u3011\u306b\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u53ef\u80fd\u304b\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306e\u554f\u3044\u3082\u6319\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e Charles Rolsky, Varun P. Kelkar, and Rolf U. Halden (2020) Nationwide Mass Inventory and Degradation Assessment of Plastic Contact Lenses in US Wastewater, Environmental […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,29,13,51,37],"tags":[],"display-top":[],"class_list":["post-4904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-collaborations","category-news","category-projectvision","category-research"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4904"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4956,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4904\/revisions\/4956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4904"},{"taxonomy":"display-top","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tse.ens.titech.ac.jp\/~deepmode\/csm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/display-top?post=4904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}